Huai hun akipan in lai kimangsak siang hi. Unau Thadou, Hmar leh Luseite’n Vaipau a lai cihna Likha apan kila lehkha cih zatpih ua, Falam leh Khalkhate’n Kawlte’n lai a cihna uh Sa cih zatpih uhi. Lai i cih English ah script kichi ahi a, laimal i cih ciang in Greek alphabet a laimal masa nihte alpha leh beta kigawm “alphabet” toh kibang ahi hi.
2.1. Laimal hong kipatna bul: Leitung ah Phoenician-te’n laimal (alphabet) bawlkhe masapen ua, hiai Phoenician sumdawngte akipan in Greekte’n lai gelhdan leh kammal gindan hon theikhia in, amaute akipan in alasawn uhi.BC 800 ma lam in Greekte’n hiai Phoenician’symbol[ciamtehna] 22 lasawn in amau awgin toh kituak diing in ahon puahpha thak uhi.Greek pau a consonant tampi kisam lou ahihman in unusual consonant signs 5te pen vowel sound in hon gingsak uhi. Phoenician alphabet [laimal] masa 
aleph a cih uh bawngtal (ox) chihna ahi a, Greek ah alpha (α - A) hong suak hi. Tuamah bang in laimal nihna 
kichi inn (house) cihna Greek a beta (β - B) hong suak hi.
2.2. Laimal hong kipatdan:Leitung bup ah lai gelhdan hong kipatna bulpi – pictograms[alim akigelh] kicite pawl ahi a, tanglai Aiguptate (Egypt) gam a hong kipan ahi hi.Aiguptate aa toh kibang sim ahihhang a amau a tuamdin pictogram hithou bangzah hiam a om a, huaite ahihleh Summerian,Elamite,Cretan,Hittite,India leh Chinate’ aa cihte khawng ahi uhi. Ahihhang in hiai Aiguptate’ pictogram-te pen hong ki-ideogram (conventionalised pictograms)in BC 1500 kum vel akipan in phonetization[aw-ginkhiak nei] in hong kibawl a, huai akipan in syllabary pawl khat hong kibawlkhia hi. Hiai syllabary-te pen acrophyny principle dungzui in consonant alphabet hong suak uhi. Etsakna diing in Semitic ideograms –inn (house) i chih Beth () ahi a, Gimel (
) kichi camel (sangawngsau), Daleth (
) kichi kongkhak (door) cihna a hong kipan ahi uhi.
2.3. Manohna lam nei in lai kigelh: Lai khat peuh akigelh ciang in manohna lam kineisak a, pawl khatte pen atung a kipan anuai lam manoh in kigelh hi, gentehna diing in, China’ lai i cihte; khenkhatte lah khut taklam akipan veilam manoh akigelh pawl –adiak in Arabic,Hebrew, Kharosthi i chihte ahi ua,tua mah bang in Greek laimal masapente zong atuunglam in taklam akipan veilam manoh akigelh ahi ua, BC 500vel akipan in veilam akipan taklam manoh in hong kigelh thak hi.
2.4. Roman alphabet: Greekte akipan in Etruscante’n laimal 26 hon bawlkhia ua, Rome mite’n Rome gambup a hon uk tak un hiai Etruscante’ laimal avek a alaak louh hang un laimal 3te- theta, phi, khi pen namber 100, 1000, 500 leh 50 simna diing in hon la uhi. Etruscan’ laimal sigma pen S hon hisak in ks gin a ging diing in x behlap laimal nanungpen ah akoih uhi. BC 312 vel in Latin pau a Z gin a ging om lou ahihman in Z (Zeta) paikhia in laimal thak C pen bawllamdang zek in G hon bawlkhia uhi.
BC 100 hun in Greek kammal zenit leh zephyros teikhiakna (transliteration) diing in Y leh Z hon behlap nawn uhi. I leh J tang in I kizang a, U leh V akibang in kizang hi. Huai hunlai in W kici a om nai kei hi. Norman script a U aw-suah tuankhenna diing in English aw-suah W (semi-vowel = double U) hon behlap nawn uhi.J kici William Shakespear (AD 1630) nung a hon behlap phet uh ahi hi.Tuni a leitung buppi a laimal kizang tangpipen Roman alphabet ahi hi.
3.1. Khristian Misonarite’n lai nei loute aa diing in Roman Alphabet hong patpih uh: Mangkang kumpite’n India hong uk lai un India Malsuah gam a khristian misonari hong luut masate’n Bengali script leh Assamese script zang in Khasi leh Garo paute gelh in na bulpatpih mahle uhi. Ahihhang in hiai in deih bang a ma asawn theihlouh ziak kia hi lou in, laimal theih diing mahmah zong tam lua hi.1842 kum khawng akipan in Rev Thomas Jones in Roman laimal zang Khasi pau a Thukhun Thak agelhkiak pen lohchingzaw leh theihbaihzaw hi in atheikhia uhi.Hibang a zuihnouneelsa (experienced) hoihtak a neihte uh ziak in 1893 kum in Assam[tuin Meghalaya kici]gam sung a om khua khat Tura ah American Baptist Mission Conference om a, huai khawmpi ah hiai bang in thupuukna na bawl uhi.[Hiai hun tan in Chin Hills leh Manipur Hills ah Khristian misonari kuamah luut om nai lou uhi].
“...in the opinion of this conference the Roman Alphabet is the best for the Hill tribes, about Assam, that have no written language and it was resolved that ‘Italian system of pronunciation of the Roman character should be adhered to,
Whereas The Missionaries of the Union are commencing work on both the Assam and Burma side of the Hills between Upper Assam and Burma, and it may be expected that at no distant day our missionaries on the two sides will be touching hard across these hills; and as it seems desirable that contiguous tribes have the same alphabet, therefore, Resolved. That clerk of the conference be instructed to send this expression of our opinion to the missionaries for the Cachar and the Chins of Burma.”
Paite pau in atung a American Baptist Conference Report,1893,p 8 hiai dan ahi hi:
[1] Hiai Conference ngaihdan in Assam gam a singtangmi, lai nei loute aa diing in Roman alphabet hoih akisapen a;
[2] Upper Assam leh Burma gamgi a singtangmite lak a nasemte’n kikhutzopna kinei nuam pah ahih ciang in, alphabet kibang aneih uh deihhuai leh akilawm a, huaiziak in,
[3] Conference a clerk in Kachin leh Burma a Zoumite[Chinte] lak a misonarite kiang ah hiai thupuuknate na khaak hen cih pha kisa hi”
Atung a thupuukna omsa bang in Baptist Misonarite gentaak louh London a om Arthington Aborigins misonarite leh Presbyterian misonarite tengteng in zong a luutna gamte uah hiai Roman alphabet a hon poluut chiat ua, Baptist misonarite luutna Chin Hills,Ukhrul leh mun dangdang ah Roman alphabet a zatpih ua, Presbyteriante luutna leh huzapna nuai a om Khasi & Jaintia Hills leh Lushai Hills chihte ah modified [bawllemsa]Roman laimal hong kizang hi.Gen tam kul lou in gam khat a mission khat nuai om kha tuung hi le hang i laimal[alphabet] zat kibang (kikhat) diing hi.
3.2. Phonetic Hunterian system of orthography: Lushai Hills a J H Lorrain (Pu Buanga) leh FW Savidge (Sap Upa) in Roman alphabet modified [bawllemsa leh leptawm] khat apatpih uh atuung in hiai bang ahi hi:
A Â B D E
F G H I K
J M N O P
R S T U V
Z CH
ci in kivual (kigelh) a A pen Aw chi a, J pen chei chi a lam ahi.1897 kum in D E Jones (Zousaphluia) leh Edwin Rowland (Zousapthara) in Pu Buanga bawlsa pen hiai bang in hon lemthak uhi:
A Â AW ÂW B CH D
E Ê F G H I Î
K L M N O P R
S T Ţ U Û V Z
3.3. Kawlgam Zoumite lai hong kipatdan:Kawlgam in a huapkhak Zoumite lak a Pasian’ thu nasepna pen kum 1837 in kipan a, Zoumite lak a khristian suak masapen zong numei melhoih mahmah khat ahi hi.Ahihhang in ei Zougam leh Zoumite lak a thunasepna hong kipat taktak bel 1899 kum ahi hi.1899 kum November 16 ni Dr A.E.Carsonte nupa pen Khalkha[Haka]khua ahong tung ua, ei gam a Pasian’ thu hong puak masapen ahi uhi.1902 kum March kha ni 21 ni in Dr E.H.East zong Khalkha khua hong tung hi.1910 kum in Khalkha kipan in Tedim ah Dr Joseph Herbert Copete nupa hong kisuan uhi.Rev.Carsonte nupa in Dr E.H.East’ hunna toh kum 5 sung Haka pansan in Pasian’ thu nasepna pan mahle uh kuamah angahzou kei hi.Hiai toh kisai in Rev (Dr)E.H.East in 1909 kum February 15 ni a, Rih Lake[dil] pansan a alaigelhna ah,“From what I have seen, it is quite probable that had our Mission undertaken work up here in the beginning, the Northern and Central sections would are this have been Christianized. I also know that the Superintendent of the Hills suggested to the founder of our work to start in Tedim, but it seemed best to him to take to Haka as a start” na chi hi.Tua agente Paite pau in gen thak le hang,“kei muhna dan in chi leng mission nasepna pen Mallam[Saklam] leh gamlai akipan kipan kha masazaw hileh nakpitak in baihzaw diing a, khristian zong suakkhin baihzaw diing uhi.Chin Hills a Superintendentpa’n zong Tedim pan a mission nasep kipat diing thu na gen ngeelzaw hiven, aphuanciilpa [Rev. Carson] in Khalkha a ana pat khit man lel a kipan kha lou ahi achih zong ka thei”acihna ahi hi.Dr.E H.East’ gen bang in Chin Hills a piangthak masapente zong Tedim gam mi ahi uhi.Dr J H Cope in 1910 kum apan in Tedim khua pansan in nasep hong kipan a, hiai mipa’n Roman Alphabet bulphuh in laigelh patpih hi.Hiai Roman laimal zang a lai kibawlte pen Pauchinhau’ Lai leh Kawl laite sang a leng theihbaihzaw ahihman in leh ni 7 sung khawng a theizou uh ahihman in ‘Ni Sagih Lai’ zong aci uhi.
4.1. Pau himhim dynamic ahi: Pau pen apautu/zangtute mah bang in thilhing (dynamic) ahihman in a kikhek gige khat ahi. Pau khempeuh ah pau lui, pau thak, pau hoih, pau sia, pau si, pau khanglian cihte om thei hi.Pau a kikhek mah bang in a kigelhdan (spelling) zong kikhek in kipuahpha toutou ahi hi.Gentehna diing in, kumzabi 12 hunlai a biakna late lak a khat A Moral Ode or Poema Morale kici ah:
Ich aem elder den ich wes, a wintre and a lore:
Ic waelde more panne ic dude: mi wit ah to be more.
Wel lange ic habbe child ibean a worde and ec a dede.
Den ic beo a wintre eald, to yung i eom a rede’
Tulai English ah hiai bang in hong kigelhta hi:
I am older than I was, in winter and lore.
I wield more than I did: my wit ought to be more.
Well long I have been a child, in word and eek in deed.
Though I be old in winters, too young I am in rede (counsel)
(C.L. Wrenn :The English Language[1993], pp 113)
Laipau kia hilou in Laisiangthou sung a thumal gawmdan leh gelhdan[spelling and word formation]nangawn nakpitak in hong kikhek hi.1611 kum a King James Version kisuahkhia ah S.Iohn[John] 3:16-17 hibang in kigelh hi:
For God so loued y world, that he gaue his only begotten
Sonne: that whosoeuer beleeueth in him, should not perish,
But haue euerlasting life. For God sent not his Sonne
into the world to condemne the world: but that the world
through him might be saued.
1979,1980,1983,1985 leh 2004 kum a Thomas Nelson in Thukhun Thak [New King James Version] asuahkhiak uah hiai bang in spelling hon gelh uhi:
“For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.“For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.”
American Lexicographer Noah Webster (1758-1843) in 1783 kum a American Spelling Book abawl leh 1828 kum a American Dictionary of the English Language agelh ah, favor, nabor, hed, proov, hiz, giv, det, ruf, wel [favour, neighbour, head, prove, his, give, debt, rough, well] ci in na guang hi. G.A.Grierson in akaihkhawm leh a etdik[compiled and edited] Linguistic Survey of India Volume III Tibeto-Burman Family Part III “Specimens of the Kuki-Chin and Burman Groups”sung a Paite pau akoihtel zong Major Shakespear in 1900 kum a Lusei gam a Paite omte akipan a laak‘Tapa Taimang Tangthu’ akipan ahi a, huai ah hici in gelh hi:
Mi kua-hiam-a ta-pa pa-nhi a nei-a. A-nao-pang-za in a pa lak-a, ‘He pa, go ka chan-ai on-pia-in, ‘a chi a. Chin a sum-te pa-ni-u lak-a a ham-a. Ni shat-lo-tak in a naopang-za in sum a vek in akham-a,gam la-tak-a a pai-pih-ta’
Pu Vialphung’ Diary[Kaihlam 1/1/1919]:
“Hiai kum in hi a leng a, a lu uleh a nung uh a na a, ashi ding teng a hai ua, ni 10 na le a om kei a, ashi pahpah uhi. Januari 1 ni akipan Feb.3 tan in mi pasal 20 leh numei 41 ahi.A vek in 61 ahi.”
“Huai chiah a kum mah Epril 25 akipan shum phuk a leng nawn a, Awgast 13 tan in a veng a. Hiai tan kal in mi 91 a shi. Chi nat shung a kha in kha 3 leh ni 23 ahi a, aniin ni 133 ahi”
Hiai tan lel et in leng,1919 kum a spelling leh tulai a i zat spelling akilamdang in akikhe mahmah cih i mu hi:Gentehna in, shi=si,shum phuk =suumphuk; chi nat=chinat; shung=sung cihte.Pu Vialphung in alaigelhna ah Shuang kot, shawm shang, shuangdai, haosa, shum, shuangdawh,shung, shi, Dishember, Epril,Awgast ciin agelh hi.
4.2. Pau akhangtoutou ahi: Pau i chih a kibehlap, akipuahpha toutou leh akhangtoutou ahi a, tua toh kizui in a gelhdan zong a hun toh kituak a kikhek leh kipuahpha toutou ahi. Lai lam ah latest[athak leh a nanungpen]apoimoh a,khangthu leh phung-le-taang kisuutna khawng ah bel upapen[oldest]a kul hi.Nidang in bii inn, gua a kibawl inn, sing inn ah i teeng ua, tu chiang in Pasian hehpihna toh sing inn, langva inn, teeklei inn, suang inn, siik inn khawng ah i teengta uhi.Ka pu ka pate ua kipat bii inn a teeng ka hi uh cih paulap in langva inn, sing inn, suang inn ahi thei kei diing chi in pankhoh sawmle hang tulai hun aa diing in khanletna diing lampi tam hetlou diing hi.
Lai leh pau i chih zong tua bang dan mah ahi hi.
PHOENICIAN ALPHABET
[Paper prepared & presented by Dr Tualchin Neihsial during Laipau Oreintation-I at Mimbung, Mizoram on January 25, 2009, jointly organised by PLS, EBC & GBC Home Based Care]
Zoya Phan is a 28-year-old ethnic Karen refugee from Burma. As a teenager she was forced to flee her country after her village was attacked ...
Kawl gam ah kawlte pawi thupi mahmah ahi Tuibuaih pawi tawh kisai tukum 2009 kumpen abeisa kum dang te tawh kibanglo dingin, kumpi ten avaih...
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